In recent months, an economic term from the past has resurfaced, capturing the attention of economists, policymakers, and the general public alike: stagflation. As economies worldwide grapple with a complex mix of inflationary pressures and sluggish growth, understanding what stagflation entails and its potential impact becomes crucial.

Stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, describes a situation where an economy experiences stagnant growth, high unemployment, and rising inflation. This economic anomaly emerged prominently in the 1970s, a period marked by oil shocks, leading to a global economic slowdown. Today, with similar patterns appearing—such as the rise in commodity prices and persistent supply chain disruptions—stagflation is once again a topic of concern. The current relevance of stagflation cannot be overstated. As central banks attempt to combat inflation with interest rate hikes, they risk stifling economic growth further, potentially exacerbating unemployment. The delicate balance between curbing inflation and fostering growth is what makes stagflation a particularly daunting challenge.